Everything about Nicolas Catinat totally explained
Nicolas Catinat (
1 September,
1637 –
22 February,
1712) was a
French military commander and
Marshal of France under
Louis XIV. The son of a magistrate, Catinat was born in
Paris on
1 September,
1637. He entered the
Gardes Françaises at an early age and distinguished himself at the
Siege of Lille in
1667.
He became a brigadier ten years later,
maréchal de camp in
1680, and lieutenant-general 1688. He served with great credit in the campaigns of 1676–1678 in Flanders during the
Franco-Dutch War, and was later employed in the persecution of the
Vaudois in 1686. After taking part in the
Siege of Philippsburg at the opening of the
Nine Years War, he was appointed to command the French troops in the south-eastern theatre of war. In 1691 he crossed into the
County of Nice, and captured the towns
Nice and
Villefranche.
His victories against the
Duke of Savoy at the
Battle of Staffarda in 1690, and the
Battle of Marsaglia in
1693, were amongst his greatest achievements, (the Duke of Savoy later abandoned the Allied coalition and concluded peace with
King Louis by signing the
Treaty of Turin on
29 August 1696). In 1693 Catinat was made a marshal of France.
At the beginning of the
War of the Spanish Succession, Catinat was placed in charge of operations in northern
Italy, but he was much hampered by the orders of the French court and the weakness of his forces. Outmanoeuvred by
Prince Eugene of Savoy, Catinat suffered a reverse at
Carpi and was soon afterwards superseded by
Marshal Villeroi. Acting as Villeroi's second-in-command, French forces were again defeated by Eugene's Imperialists at the
Battle of Chieri. Catinat died at
Saint-Gratien in
1712. His memoirs were published in
1819.
The British historian Geoffrey Treasure sums up Catinat:
Catinat wasn't the typical soldier of this period. He had begun life as a lawyer, with no advantage of birth, and made his way by sheer merit. He was a careful general, thorough and sparing of the lives of his men, unambitious and something of a philosopher. After his failure in the Italian campaign of the next war [for example,the War of the Spanish Succession], he retired to the country to cultivate his garden.
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